India’s Foreign Policy MCQ | Class 12 Political Science Chapter 9

India’s Foreign Policy MCQ

Below are some of the very important NCERT Class 12 Political Science India’s Foreign Policy MCQ Chapter 9 with Answers. These Class 12 India’s Foreign Policy MCQ Chapter 9 have been prepared by expert teachers and subject experts based on the latest syllabus and pattern of term 1 and term 2. Questions with Answers to help students understand the concept.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Political Science India’s Foreign Policy Chapter 8 are very important for the latest CBSE term 1 and term 2 pattern. These class 12 MCQ are very important for students who want to score high in CBSE Board.

We have put together these NCERT  Questions of Class 12 Political Science India’s Foreign Policy MCQ Chapter 9 with answers for practice on a regular basis to score high in exams. Refer to these MCQs Questions with Answers here along with a detailed explanation.

MCQ

1. Nehru was our first Prime Minister as well as ________

(a) Health Minister
(b) Foreign Minister
(c) Education Minister
(d) Minister

2. The foreign policy of independent India vigorously pursued the dream of a peaceful world by advocating the policy of

(a) non-alignment 
(b) no nuclear weapons
(c) military expansion 
(d) no Cold War

3. The _________ laid the foundation for Non Alignment Movement established in 1961 with Nehru as the co-founder.

(a) Bandung Conference
(b) Foreign Policy
(c) US Aid
(d) Peace Treaty

4. Select the correct option for the leader and the country that helped to reach the Tashkent agreement between India and Pakistan

(a) India, Nehru 
(b) USSR, Kosygin
(c) Egypt, Nasser
(d) Indonesia, Sukarno  

5. Sri Lanka is a member of

(a) SAARC
(b) UNESCO
(c) G7
(d) WHO

6. It was in _______ that full diplomatic relations restored between India and Pakistan

(a) 1976 
(b) 1966
(c) 1956 
(d) 1946

7. The first nuclear expedition undertaken by India was in May

(a) 1964 
(b) 1974
(c) 1984
(d) 1994 

8. The period when the nuclear test was conducted was a difficult period in

(a) Domestic politics
(b) Foreign politics
(c) Military dominance 
(d) Financial world

9. India opposed the indefinite extension of the NET in

(a) 1995  
(b) 1985
(c) 1975
(d) 1965 

10. Why were stronger countries’ foreign policies supported by many countries after WW2?

(a) Because stronger countries supported them and aided them financially.
(b) Because they were afraid of being colonized again.
(c) Because most countries in the world did so. 
(d) Because they were poor.

11. In the post WW2 era, why do tensions erupt between India and the US?

(a) The US feared that India would join the USSR.
(b) The US wanted to colonize India.
(c) The NAM pursued by India was not liked by the USA.
(d) None of the above. 

12. When did India and China sign the Panchsheel agreement?

(a) 24 April, 1954   
(b) 29 April, 1954
(c) 30 April, 1954 
(d) 1 March, 1959  

13. When did India intervene in the Bangladesh Liberation War?

(a) November 1971    
(b) February 1971
(c) December 1971   
(d) December 1972

14. Who among the Prime Ministers wishes to review the “no first use” policy?

(a) PM Narendra Modi
(b) PM Atal Bihari Vajpeyee
(c) PM Manmohan Singh
(d) All the above

MCQ Answers

1. (b)

2. (a)

India didn’t join the US & USSR during the cold war. India advocated the policy of non alignment by reducing the Cold war alliance and led the protest against neocolonialism.

3. (a)

The Bandung Conference and its final resolution laid the foundation for the non- aligned movement during the Cold War. Leaders of developing countries banded together to avoid being forced to take sides in the Cold War contest. The initial motivation for the movement was the promotion of peace.

4. (b)

The Tashkent Declaration was a peace agreement between India and Pakistan signed on 10 January 1966 to resolve the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. The meeting was held in Tashkent in the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union represented by Premier Aleksey Kosygin.

5. (a)

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an organisation of eight countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and The Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka in South Asia, established in 1985.

6. (a)

India wag attacked by China in October 1962, It took more than a decade for India and China to resume normal relations.

7. (a)

During the tenure of Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the first underground nuclear explosion occurred at Pokhran in Rajasthan on May 18, 1974.  

8. (d)

The 1973-1975 was a period of economic stagnation where high unemployment and high inflation existed simultaneously.

9. (a)

10. (b)

Most of the newly independent countries feared of the war between the two blocks, They never wanted to face any financial as well as political consequences. Hence, they supported the stronger nations for financial aid as well as military aid.

11. (c)

While India was trying to convince the other developing countries about the policy of non-alignment, the US was not happy about India’s these independent initiatives. The US also disliked India’s growing partnership with the Soviet Union. Therefore, there was a considerable unease in Indo- US relations during the 1950s.

12. (2)

Panchsheel Agreement signed on 29 April 1954 by the Indian Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru and the Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai to make stronger relationship between the two countries.

13. (c)

14. (a)

Many nuclear states maintain policies that would permit them to use nuclear weapons in case of any conflict. While India wants a world to be free of nuclear weapons, still they reserve a right to fight back if attacked by any country.

Assertion-Reason Based MCQ 

Code

1. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) the correct explanation of (A)
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is falqe.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

1. Assertion Indian national movement was not an isolated process. It was a part of the worldwide struggle against colonialism and imperialism. 

Reason It influenced the liberation movements of many Asian and African countries. 

2. Assertion The first Prime Minister, Jawahar Lal Nehru played a crucial role in setting the national agenda. He was his own foreign minister.  

Reason Thus both as the Prime Minister and the Foreign Minister, he exercised profound influence in the formulation and implementation of India’s foreign policy.

3. Assertion The foreign policy of independent India vigorously pursued the dream of a peaceful world by advocating the policy of non-alignment, by reducing Cold War tensions and by contributing human resources to the UN peacekeeping operations.

Reason India continued to oppose Pakistan on joining the Western Camp.

4. Assertion While India was trying to convince the other developing countries about the policy of nonalignment, Pakistan joined the US-led military alliances.

Reason Unlike its relationship with Pakistan, free India began its relationship with China on a very friendly note.

5. Assertion A boundary dispute had surfaced between India and China. India claimed that the boundary was a matter settled in colonial time, but China said that any colonial decision did not apply.

Reason The China war dented India’s image at home and abroad. India had to approach the Americans and the British for military assistance to tide over the crisis.

6. Assertion The Sino- Indian conflict affected the opposition as well.

Reason This and the growing rift between China and the Soviet Union created irreconcilable differences within the Communist Party of India (CPI).

7. Assertion Support for Pakistan came from the US and China. The US-China rapprochement that began in the late 1960s resulted in a realignment of forces in Asia.

Reason In order to counter the US-Pakistan-China axis, India signed a 20-year Treaty of Peace and Friendship with the Soviet Union in August 1971. 

8. Assertion Indian air crafts attacked parts of Pakistan and the army moved into POK and Swat

Reason After months of diplomatic tension and military build-up, a full-scale war between India and Pakistan broke out in December 1971. 

9. Assertion Nehru had always put faith in science and technology for rapidly building a modern India.

Reason A significant component of his industrialization plane was the nuclear programme initiated in the late 1940s under the guidance of Homi J. Bhabha.

10. Assertion Communist China conducted nuclear tests in October 1964.

Reason The five nuclear weapon powers, the US, USSR, UK, France, and China also the five Permanent Members of the UN Security Council — tried to impose the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968 on the rest of the world. 

11. Assertion Following the Arab Israeli war of 1973 the entire world was affected by the oil shock due to the massive hike in the oil price by the Arab Nations 

Reason India was not at all affected by the crisis at that time India was already in a position to deal with any economic depression nor did oil prices hike in India 

12. Assertion  There are no difference among political parties about how to conduct external relations 

Reason Indian politics is generally marked by a broad agreement among the parties on national integration, protection of international boundaries and on questions of national interest.

Assertion-Reason Based MCQ Answers

1. (1)

Indian national movement encouraged many colonies to stand against their oppressors. Taking India’s example, many African and Asian countries stood against imperialism.  

2. (1)

Being a foreign minister of India, Nehru exercised great influence over designing India’s foreign policies and relations with the other countries. He was the one who came up with an idea of NAM during the cold war era.

3. (3)

Indra indeed advocated the policy of NAM ‘liking India’s example many other nations adopted NAM, but India never criticized nations who have used any oil blocs.

4. (2)

India never forcefully approached anv country to join NAM. On the one hand, Pakistan joined US-led military alliances, India kept developing and maintaining good relations with others.

5. (2)

The Chinese denied any agreement between India and China regarding the borders. India continued to claim the territories which belonged to her. This dispute led to the war of 1962 for which India was never ready.

6. (1)

7. (2)

Pakistan, with the aid from US and China emerged as a threat to India. The treaty signed by India with the USSR assured that if there was any attack on India, USSR will provide backup to India.

8. (4)

India indeed had given the answer to Pakistan’s mischievous acts on the border. But, the attack was never initiated by the Indian side, nor did the Indian army enter Swat Valley.

9. (1)

Nehru was a man of modern ideology. He wag the great admirer of science and technology. He had initiated nuclear industry because India wanted to generate atomic energy for peaceful purposes, Nehru was against nuclear weapons.

10. (1)

It has always been a tendency of the powerful nations not to let any other nation be in their competence. Hence, soon after China tested her nuclear weapons, they came up with NPT.

11. (1)

12. (4)

There has always been differences among the political parties of India about their external relations but this has never affected the current affair of India India always to neutral as far as any International conflicts are concerned.

Case Based MCQs 

1. Observe the following diagram and answer accordingly.

(i) What message does this cartoon convey?

(a) Scenario of recession.
(b) Persisting Indo- China tensions.  
(c) Boycotting foreign products.
(d) Reduce exports of Indian goods.

(ii) Which year does the event happened?

(a) 1962 
(b) 1974
(c) 1969
(d) 1950 

(iii) Which event does this cartoon depict?

(i) Recession              
(ii) Globalization
(iii) Chinese Invasion      
(iv) Historical buffer

(iv) Which two countries’ relationships were strained after Suppression of Tibetan culture? 

(a) India and Nepal
(b) India and 
(c) India and China
(d) India and Myanmar     

2. Read the following paragraph and answer accordingly.

The first Prime Minister, Jawahar Lal Nehru played a crucial role in setting the national agenda. He was his own Minister. Thus, both as the Prime Minister and the Foreign Minister, he profound influence in the formulation and implementation of India’s foreign policy from 1946 to 1%4. 

The three major objectives of Nehru’s foreign policy were to preserve the hard-earned sovereignty, protect territorial integrity, and promote rapid economic development. Nehru wished to achieve these objectives through the strategy of non-alignment. 

There were, of course, parties and groups in the country that believed that India should be friendlier with the bloc led by the US because that bloc claimed to be Pro democracy.

Among those who thought on these lines were leaders like Dr. Ambedkar, Some political parties, which were opposed to communism, also wanted India to follow a pro-US foreign policy. These included the Bharatiya Jan Sangh and later the Swatantra Party. But Nehru possessed considerable leeway in formulating foreign policy,

(i) Who was the foreign minister during the time of Pt. Nehru?

(a) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
(b) Sardar Patel
(c) Nehru himself
(d) Jay Prakash Narayan 

(ii) What were the three major objectives of Nehru’s foreign policy?

(a) To preserve the hard-earned sovereignty, protect territorial integrity, and promote rapid economic development.
(b) Non alignment policy, cordial relations with the countries of South Asia only, and military expansion to other nations.
(c) To increase imports, motivating foreign investment and encouraging MNCs to set up in India.
(d) None of the above.

(iii) Which of the following leaders were in favour of supporting the US bloc? 

(a) Sardar Patel
(b) Ambedkar
(c) Atal Bihari Vajpayee 
(d) All the above 

(iv) What was the nature of the policy of the US bloc?

(a) Pro-communist
(b) Pro-capitalist
(c) Pro-liberalist
(d) Pro-democratic

3. Read the following paragraph and answer accordingly.

India has opposed the international treaties aimed at non-proliferation since they were selectively applicable to the non-nuclear powers and legitimised the monopoly of the five nuclear weapons powers. 

Thus, India opposed the indefinite extension of the NPT in 1995 and also refused to sign the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). India conducted a series of nuclear tests in May 1998, demonstrating its capacity to use nuclear energy for military purposes. Pakistan soon followed, thereby increasing the vulnerability of the region to a nuclear exchange. 

The international community was extremely critical of the nudear in the subcontinent and sanctions were imposed on India and Pakistan, which were subsequently waived, India’s nuclear doctrine of credit minimum nuclear deterrence “no first use” and reiterates India’s commitment to global, verifiable and non-discriminatory nuclear disarmament leading to a nuclear weapons free world. 

Foreign policy is always dictated by ideas of national interest. In the period after 1990, Russia, though it continues to be an important friend of India, has lost its global pre-eminence. Therefore, India’s foreign policy has shifted to a more pro-US strategy.

(i) Which of the following nuclear treaties were rejected by India?

(a) NPT, CTBT
(b) Kyoto Protocol
(c) Panchsheel Agreement 
(d) None of the above 

(ii) When did India conduct a series of nuclear tests?

(a) June 1998
(b) May 1998
(c) April 1998
(d) March 1998

(iii) Why has India’s foreign policy shifted to become more pro-US?

(a) Because Russia betrayed India.
(b) Because Russia attacked India.
(c) Because the US derived more profit from India.
(d) Because Russia lost its global pre-eminence. 

(iv) Which one of the following is India’s stand for the use of nuclear weapon?

(a) No use of nuclear weapon at all.
(b) No first use of nuclear weapon.
(c) Use nuclear weapon in case of war.
(d) None of the above.

4. Read the given paragraph and answer accordingly.

On April 8th, 2008 The Hindu published an article titled “Potential consequences of a regional nuclear conflict” in which the author convincingly illustrates the dangers a nuclear- armed South Asia presents. 

The fact that both India and Pakistan, but of course also China, possess nuclear weapons has been an alarming reality since 1998. The relative progress that has been achieved in India-Pakistan relations should not lead one to forget that two conflicts in 1999 and 2001 could easily have escalated into a nuclear confrontation.

India had embarked upon a civilian nuclear program right after her independence but the “weapon option” has always been present. India’s nuclear policy has been an evolutionary, sometimes painful process equally shaped by domestic and international factors. 

This paper attempts to analyse some of these factors and argues that the development of nuclear weapons was a logical, albeit not planned, consequence of them. 

It is interesting that even those in India fiercely opposed to nuclear weapons subconsciously seemed to have realised that India’s nuclear program could not be limited to civilian application forever. On May 27th, 1998, the government of the then- prime minister

Atal Bihari Vajpayee issued a statement to the 12th Lok Sabha titled the “Evolution of India’s Nuclear Policy”.

(i) Which newspaper published the article titled “Potential consequences of a reéonal nuclear conflict”?

(a) Indian Express
(b) Times of India
(c) The Hindu
(d) Times Now

(ii) Which of the two conflicts between India and Pakistan could have led to a nuclear war?

(a) 1999 and 2001
(b) 2000 and 2008
(c) 1999 and 2003
(d) None of the above 

(iii) Since 1998, other than India and China, possession of nuclear weapons has been an alarming reality of which country?

(a) USA
(b) Pakistan
(c) Israel
(d) Brazil

(iv) Who issued the statement in 12th Lok Sabha for “Evolution of India’s nuclear policy”?

(a) Lal Krishna Advani
(b) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
(c) Shri Narendra Modi
(d) Dr. Manmohan Singh 

Case-Study Based MCQ Answers

1. (i)(b) (ii)(a) (iii)(c) (iv)(c)

2. (i)(c) (ii)(a) (iii)(b) (iv)(d)

3. (i)(a) (ii)(b) (iii)(d) (iv)(b)

4. (i)(c) (ii)(a) (iii)(b) (iv)(b)

Final Words

From the above article, you have practiced Class 12 Political Science India’s Foreign Policy MCQ Chapter 9. We hope that the above-mentioned MCQs for term 1 of will surely help you in your exam. 

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