Last updated on July 14th, 2024 at 06:10 am
Judo
‘Judo’ is a Japanese word which means “gentle way”. This unarmed style of fighting is designed from other martial arts of hand-to-hand fighting, throws to the ground, etc. Japan’s Jigoro Kano, designed this game for the physical and moral development of its practitioners.
History
The principle of judo is that the judoka never resists his opponent, rather turns it back on his attacker. It is a defensive art, spectator game and competitive game. It first appeared in the Olympic Games at Tokyo in 1964, but was officially admitted for men at the Munich Olympic Games (1972).
The Judo Federation of India (JFI) was established in 1965, The JFI organized the first National Championship at Hyderabad in 1966
Men participated in their first World Championship in Tokyo (1956). The first Women’s World Championship was held in 1980 in New York. Women’s championship became an Olympic event in 1992 in Barcelona.
Latest Rules
Random draws determine the contestants for each fight. The judokas who lose a fight are eliminated.
They wears blue and white judogi. They bow to each other before moving to the tatami (place of fight over mats) and position themselves on the marks corresponding to the color of their judogi.
The Referee starts the fight with the word “Hajime”. The competitors bow to each other again.
A fight ends when a competitor scores an Ippon (10 points) or when the time limit expires (5 minutes for men and 4 minutes for women).
If an Ippon is not scored, the judoka with the higher points wins the match. Ippon, Waza-ari, Yuko, Koka, Matte are the basic elements.
Penalties are also counted which decline the score, like, Shido, Chui, Keikoku, Honsokumake.
Measurements And Specifications
![[Latest] Judo History | Rules | Measurements 2024 2025 Judo area](https://studycbse.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Judo-area-1024x903.webp)
![[Latest] Judo History | Rules | Measurements 2024 2025 Judo area](https://studycbse.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Judo-area-1024x903.webp)
Judoka : A player practicing judo
Judogi : A player’s dress (special type of loose jacket, pant and belt)
Tatami : Mats over which bout of judo is played
No. of Referees: 1 Mat Referee, 2 Corner Referees, Tournament Referee
Area of Tatami : 10 m X 10 m (contest area) with 3 m safety area on all sides
Basic Elements : Ippon (10 pts.), Waza-ari (7 pts.), Yuko (5 pts.), Koka (3 pts.)
Penalty : Shido (3 pts.), Chui (5 pts.), Keikoku (7 pts.), Hansoku Make (10 pts.)
Duration of Bout — 5 minutes (Men), 4 minutes (Women)
Terminologies
![[Latest] Judo History | Rules | Measurements 2024 2025 Judo signals](https://studycbse.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Judo-signals-1024x235.webp)
![[Latest] Judo History | Rules | Measurements 2024 2025 Judo signals](https://studycbse.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Judo-signals-1024x235.webp)
Ippon : There are three ways to score an Ippon; by throwing the opponent to his back with control, this forces the opponent to submit; using an armlock or choking technique for 25 seconds. Player gets 10 points and wins the bout
Waza-ari : A controlled throw to the opponent using a technique (missing one of the 4 elements) for 20 seconds holds. It gives a 7 point lead.
Yuko: A controlled through using a technique (missing two of the four elements) for 15 seconds. It gives 5 points
Koka: A controlled throw to the opponent on his shoulder (osaekomi) for 10 seconds hold. It gives 3 points.
Matte : To interrupt the fight, the referee calls for ‘maate’. The contestant must separate and return to their respective marks.
Fundamental Skills
Ready position : The combatant tries to grab his opponent quickly and throws him off balance.
Gripping : The judoka who successfully grabs his opponent (kumi kata) has the advantage.
Positioning : The seized combatant tries to escape from the kumi kata, while his attacker prepares the next throw.
Throwing : After throwing his opponent off the balance, thereby depriving his powers of self-defense.
Pinning : The attacker increases the pressure on his opponent’s body as quickly as possible, especially on the shoulders.
Choking : Using his hand and opponent’s jacket, the attacker cuts off breathing by compressing his trachea in order to reduce the flow of blood,
Armlock : The attacker holds to his opponent’s arm while pulling it as straight as possible.
Important Personalities
National
Arjuna Award Winners : Sandeep Byala (1992), Cawas Billimoria (1993), Km Poonam Chopra (1996), Narender Singh (1998), Akram Shah (2003), A. Anita Chanu (2004), Tombi Devi (2007), Yashpal Solanki (2012).
International
Jigoro Kano, Kenzo Nakamura, Masato Uchishiba, Makoto Takimoto, Ryoko Tani (Jpn), Anton Geesink, Mark Huizinga (NED), Ingrid Berghmans (BEL), Huseyin Ozkan (TURK), Legna Verdecia (CUBA), Tang Lin (CHI).
Also Read: Cricket History, Rules, Measurements
Final Words
From the above article you learnt about rules, history, measurements and many more. We hope that you will get success by giving exams based on Judo.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Who was the founder of Judo?
Answer: Japan’s Jigoro Kano, founded this game for the physical and moral development of its practitioners.
2. What is the principle of Judo?
Answer: The principle is that the judoka never resists his opponent, rather turns it back on his attacker