Last updated on July 24th, 2025 at 11:13 am
Physiology And Sports
Physiology and sports are about improving performance by knowing how our body works during exercise. By using scientific principles we can train our bodies in a better and effective way.
Our body has a complex function of various body systems. We need proper functioning of various systems, which makes us more efficient.
Physiology deals with the function of the body system and its effects. Through regular exercise, the physiological function of the body system can be improved and thus body efficiency increases a lot.
![[Latest] Physiology And Injuries in Sports | Chapter 7 Notes 2025 2025 physiology and sports](https://studycbse.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Physiology-and-sports_1_-_1_-_1_1-683x1024.webp)
Physiological Changes Determining Components of Fitness
Physiological Factors Determining Strength
Strength is the ability to overcome resistance.
Physiological Factors Determining Endurance
Endurance is the ability to resist fatigue
Physiological Factors Determining Speed
Speed is the ability to do work at a faster rate
Click Below For Class 12 All Subject Sample Papers 2024
1. 15+ Political Science Sample Paper 2024
2. 15+ Economics Sample Paper 2024
3. 15+ Business Studies Sample Paper 2024
4. 12+ Physical Education Sample Paper 2024 With Solution
5. 15+ Physics Sample Paper 2024 With Solution
6. 15+ Chemistry Sample Paper 2024 With Solution
7. 15+ Biology Sample Paper 2024 With Solution
8. 15+ English Sample Paper 2024
9. 15+ History Sample Paper 2024
10. 15+ Geography Sample Paper 2024
11. 15+ Maths Sample Paper 2024
Physiological Factors Determining Flexibility
Flexibility is the ability of joints to move in the maximum range.
Click Below To Learn All Chapter Notes
- Class 12 Physical Education Syllabusย
- Chapter 1: Management of Sporting Events
- Chapter 2: Children and women in sports
- Chapter 3: Yoga and Lifestyleย
- Chapter 4: Physical Education and sports for CWSN
- Chapter 5: Sports & Nutrition
- Chapter 6: Test and measurement in sports
- Chapter 7: Physiology and Injuries in sports
- Chapter 8: Biomechanics and sports
- Chapter 9: Psychology and Sportsย
- Chapter 10: Training in Sports
Effect of exercises on various systems
Exercises are an integral part of our life. It increases various demands on our body, as a result, our body starts compensating demand by increasing muscle tissues and neural connections.
Exercises Physiology optimizes our body’s cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, muscular, and endocrine systems.
Effect On Cardiovascular System
Effect on Respiratory System
Effect on the Muscular System
Physiological Changes Due to Aging
As we age, our bodies undergo several physiological changes that are a natural part of the aging process. These changes affect various systems and functions, leading to differences in how we feel and function as we get older. Here are some common physiological changes due to aging:
Cardiovascular system: The heart may pump less efficiently, and blood vessels can become less flexible, leading to decreased blood flow and potential increases in blood pressure.
Musculoskeletal system: Muscle mass and strength tend to decrease, while joints may become stiffer and less flexible, making movement more challenging.
Respiratory system: Lung capacity might decrease, leading to reduced overall lung function and possible shortness of breath during physical activities.
Nervous system: Nerve cells may decline in number, impacting cognitive functions such as memory and processing speed.
Digestive system: The digestive process might slow down, leading to potential issues with nutrient absorption and digestion.
Sensory systems: Vision and hearing can be affected, leading to changes in eyesight and difficulty hearing high-frequency sounds.
Immune system: The immune response might weaken over time, making older adults more susceptible to infections and illnesses.
Endocrine system: Hormone production and regulation can change, affecting various bodily functions and metabolism.
Skin: The skin becomes thinner and less elastic, leading to wrinkles, dryness, and an increased risk of skin injuries.
Sleep: Sleep patterns can change, with older adults experiencing more frequent awakenings during the night.
It’s important to note that while these changes are normal, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, and staying mentally and socially active, can help mitigate some of the effects of aging and promote overall well-being.
Sports Injuries
![[Latest] Physiology And Injuries in Sports | Chapter 7 Notes 2025 2025 physiology and sports](https://studycbse.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/testandmeasurement1.webp)
In sports, injuries are common and they can occur to anyone and at any time. Injury causes damage to any internal and external parts, which affects the health of individuals. It can be classified as:
Soft Tissue Injuries: Skin injuries and muscle injuries
Hard Tissue Injuries: Fracture and dislocation
Soft Tissue Injuries
Contusion
It happens due to a direct hit by any solid thing. In contusion, blood vessels in the muscle are broken and sometimes bleeding may occur.
Stiffness and swelling are common features at the site of contusion
Abrasion
Abrasion occurs due to friction or fall over the area where the bone is very close to the skin.
When someone falls on the ground, layers of skin rub off due to friction. It generally occurs on a rough surface.
Bruises
Bruises are not seen because the upper skin remains unaffected, but inner tissues are damaged. Beneath the skin, blood collects near the surface skin.
Bruises appear reddish at the beginning and turn blue after a few hours
Strain
Strain is a muscle injury which can be mild as well as severe. It is a tearing of a muscle or a tissue connecting muscle to bone (tendon).
It occurs usually due to fatigue, overuse, or improper use of a muscle. Strains can happen in any muscle, sometimes complete muscle gets raptured.
Chronic strains are usually caused by moving the muscles and tendons in repetitions.
Sprain
It is a ligament injury. It occurs due to overstretched or tearing of the ligament. Falling on the ground, twisting, or getting hit can force a point out of its normal position.
In this injury swelling, inflammation, and severe pain are common symptoms. Generally, a sprain occurs at the wrist and ankle joints.
First Aid and Management of Soft Tissue Injuries
![[Latest] Physiology And Injuries in Sports | Chapter 7 Notes 2025 2025 Fitness](https://studycbse.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Fitness-First-Aid-PRICER.webp)
The treatment referred to as PRICER
P = Protection, R = Rest, I = Ice, C= Compression,
E = Elevation, R= Rehabilitation
Protection: Protect the injured area from further damage. This might involve stopping the activity that caused the injury, or using crutches, a sling, or a brace to support the injured limb.
Rest: Limit movement and rest the injured area. While complete immobilization is generally not recommended for prolonged periods, initial rest helps prevent further injury and allows the healing process to begin.
Ice: Apply ice to the injured area for 10-20 minutes at a time, several times a day, for the first 48-72 hours. Use a barrier (like a cloth) between the ice and skin to prevent ice burns. Ice helps reduce pain and swelling.
Compression: Apply an elastic bandage or compression wrap to the injured area. This helps to control swelling. Ensure the bandage is snug but not too tight, as it should not cut off circulation.
Elevation: Elevate the injured limb above the level of the heart whenever possible. This uses gravity to help reduce swelling by promoting fluid drainage away from the injury site.
Rehabilitation: Perform some exercise to regain strength
Hard Tissue Injuries
( Bones and joint injuries)
Dislocation
It is a joint injury. In this injury, the ends of bones are forced out from the normal position. This type of injury is very painful, it temporarily deforms and immobilizes your joints. Dislocation is most common in the shoulders and fingers.
A dislocation occurs in contact sports or sports which involves falls like gymnastics, wrestling, football, etc.
Fracture
A fracture is a complete, partial break or cracks in a bone. There are many types of fractures that occur
First Aid
First aid is the first help that is given to the wounded or accidental victim before taking him to the hospital. It is temporary and immediate care given to a victim of an accident or sudden illness.
Objectives of First Aid
To preserve life: Every possible effort is made to save the life of a wounded person with the help of First Aid.
To Alleviate pain: The major objective is to reduce unbear pain
To prevent the condition from worsening: It provides to prevent the condition from worsening before he gets the help of a doctor
To promote recovery: It is given to start the process of recovery as early as possible
Click Below To Learn Other Chapter Notes
- Class 12 Physical Education Syllabusย
- Chapter 1: Management of Sporting Events
- Chapter 2: Children and women in sports
- Chapter 3: Yoga and Lifestyleย
- Chapter 4: Physical Education and sports for CWSN
- Chapter 5: Sports & Nutrition
- Chapter 6: Test and measurement in sports
- Chapter 7: Physiology and Injuries in sports
- Chapter 8: Biomechanics and sports
- Chapter 9: Psychology and sportsย
- Chapter 10: Training in Sports
Click Below For Class 12 All Subject Sample Papers 2024
1. 15+ Political Science Sample Paper 2024
2. 15+ Economics Sample Paper 2024
3. 15+ Business Studies Sample Paper 2024
4. 12+ Physical Education Sample Paper 2024 With Solution
5. 15+ Physics Sample Paper 2024 With Solution
6. 15+ Chemistry Sample Paper 2024 With Solution
7. 15+ Biology Sample Paper 2024 With Solution
8. 15+ English Sample Paper 2024
9. 15+ History Sample Paper 2024
10. 15+ Geography Sample Paper 2024
11. 15+ Maths Sample Paper 2024
Final Words:
From the above article, you have learned about physiology and sports injuries and their management. All topics related to physiology and injuries in sports chapter 7, are very informative, short, and crisp. Hope the above topics will help you to get good marks in your upcoming exam.