End of Bipolarity MCQ | Class 12 | Political Science | Chapter 2 | 2024

Last updated on July 14th, 2024 at 05:16 pm

End of Bipolarity MCQ

Below are some of the very important NCERT Class 12 End of Bipolarity mcq Chapter 2 with Answers. These Class 12 End of Bipolarity mcq Chapter 2 have been prepared by expert teachers and subject experts based on the latest syllabus and pattern of term 1 and term 2. Questions with Answers to help students understand the concept.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 End of Bipolarity mcq Chapter 2 are very important for the latest CBSE term 1 and term 2 pattern. These class 12 MCQ are very important for students who want to score high in CBSE Board.

We have put together these NCERT  Questions of Class 12 Cold War Era MCQ Chapter 2 with answers for practice on a regular basis to score high in exams. Refer to these MCQs Questions with Answers here along with a detailed explanation.

MCQ

1. Which one of the following statements about the Berlin wall is false?   

(a) It symbolised the division between the capitalist and the communist world.
(b) It was built during the Second World War.
(c) It was broken by the people on 9 November 1989.
(d) It marked the unification of the two parts of Germany.

2. The Socialist Movement was inspired by the ideas of     

(a) Democracy
(b) Socialism
(c) Communalism 
(d) Dictatorship 

3. Which among the following statements wrongly describes the nature of the Soviet economy?

(a) Socialism was the dominant ideology.
(b) State ownership/control existed over the factors of production. 
(c) People enjoyed economic freedom.
(d) Every aspect of the economy was planned and controlled by the state.

4. Which one of the following was NOT a consequence of the disintegration of the USSR?  

(a) Many new stages emerged
(b) Russia emerged as a new superpower 
(c) Power relations in world politics changed
(d) The capitalist system emerged as the winner  

5. Which one of the following did Gorbachev not promise to reform?

(a) To loosen the administrative system
(b) To catch up with the west
(c) To reform the economy
(d) To maintain strict control over the government 

6. Mikhail Gorbachev was elected as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in

(a) 1955
(b) 1965
(c) 1975
(d) 1985 

7. Which one of the following was NOT an outcome of ‘Shock Therapy’?

(a) The old system of social welfare got destroyed.
(b) Industries were put up for sale to the private sector.
(c) The value of the Russian currency, the ‘Ruble’ rose dramatically. 
(d) Russia started to import food grains.

8. Shock therapy involved a drastic change in the  orientation of the economies.

(a) external   
(b) internal
(c) international 
(d) opposition 

9. The real GDP of Russia in 1999 was below what it was in

(a) 1959
(b) 1969 
(c) 1979
(d) 1989 

10. The post-Soviet countries underwent a process of transition from an authoritarian socialist system to _________ a capitalist system.

(a) democratic
(b) authoritative 
(c) aristocratic
(d) systematic 

11. Arab Spring began with

(a) Russian Revolution   
(b) Tunisian Revolution
(c) Egyptian Revolution 
(d) Syrian Revolution 

12. First Gulf War was known as  

(a) Operation Infinite Reach
(b) Operation Enduring Freedom
(c) Operation Desert Storm
(d) Operation Iraqi Freedom 

13. Which one of the following statements related to the Iraq invasion by the US is incorrect?

(a) More than forty other countries were involved in this invasion.
(b) The UN had given consent to invade Iraq. 
(c) The invasion was to prevent Iraq from developing weapons of mass destruction.
(d) The US lost over 3000 military personnel in this war. 

14. ________ witnessed a Civil War that went on for ten years till 2001.

(a) Dagestan
(b) Tajikistan 
(c) Chechnya
(d) Moscow

15. A system in which the affairs at the international level cannot be dominated by only one superpower but by a group of countries is known as

(a) unipolar world
(b) capitalise world
(c) multi-polar world
(d) collective world

Also Read Chapter 1 Cold War Era MCQ

16. After which event in 1917 Soviet Union came into existence?

(a) French Revolution
(b) First World War
(c) November Revolution
(d) Socialist Revolution

17. In the Soviet system, who used to control the economy?

(a) Businessmen
(b) State
(c) People
(d) None of the above 

18. What was the nomenclature of the group who followed the USSR? 

(a) Communist group
(b) Democratic group
(c) Liberal socialist group
(d) The Second World or The Socialist bloc 

19. Why did the Soviet system lost its popularity so quickly?

(a) It became more democratic
(b) People were fed up of the system
(c) It exploited people
(d) It became very bureaucratic and authoritarian

20. When was the Soviet Union disbanded?

(a) 1989 
(b) 1990
(c) 1991
(d) 1992 

21. What was the final and most immediate cause of the disintegration of the USSR? 

(a) Gorbachev’s policies
(b) Western developments
(c) Second World War
(d) The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics 

22. Who became the sole superpower after the disintegration of the USSR?

(a) China   
(b) Russia
(c) US
(d) Britain

23. What among the following was the result of the disintegration of the USSR?

(a) End of Cold War confrontations
(b) End of Second World War  
(c) Great economic depression
(d) All of the above

24. The model of transition, influenced by the World Bank and the IMF, came to be known as 

(a) USSR
(b) Shock Therapy
(c) United Nations 
(d) CENTO

25. What type of economy was proposed by Shock therapy? 

(a) Communist
(b) Liberal Communist
(c) Socialist
(d) Capitalist

26. How did Shock Therapy affect the economy?

(a) It flourished the economies.
(b) It devastated the economies.
(c) It had no impact at all on economies.
(d) None of the above. 

27. Which currency declined after the implementation of Shock therapy?

(a) Ruble
(b) Dollar
(c) Pound
(d) Euro

28. What was the result of withdrawal of government subsidies?

(a) Had no impact at all
(b) Market prices hiked rapidly
(c) People were pushed into poverty 
(d) none of the above 

29. How have Central Asian economies benefited?

(a) due to oil resources
(b) due to their agricultural activities
(c) due to tourism
(d) due to their hydrocarbon resources 

30. Which period is described as the period of US dominance?

(a) 1960 onwards
(b) Cold War era
(c) Post-Cold War era
(d) 1980 onwards 

31. Which operation is known as “Operation Iraqi Freedom”?

(a) US attack on Iraq in 2003
(b) US attack on Iraq in 1991
(c) US attack on Afghanistan 
(d) None of the above 

MCQ Answers

1. (b)

Berlin was built on 13th August 1961 whereas Second World War came to an end in 1945.

2. (b)

Socialism is a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

3. (c)

The economy of the Soviet Union was based on state ownership of the means of production, collective farming, and industrial manufacturing, The highly centralized Soviet Type economic planning was managed by the administrative-command system.

4. (b)

The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republic lead to the disintegration of the USSR.

5. (d)

Gorbachev’s reforms were gradualist and maintained many of the macroeconomic aspects of the command economy (including price controls, inconvertibility of the rouble, exclusion of private property ownership, and the government monopoly over most means of production).

6. (d)

7. (c)

The value of Ruble, the Russian currency declined. Inflation rose at a very high rate and it lost all savings of people.

8. (a)

9. (d)

10. (a)

Democratic capitalist system is a political and economic system that combines capitalism and strong social policies.

11. (b)

The Arab Spring was gérieg of anti-government protest, uprising and armed rebellions that spread across much of the Arab world.

12. (c)

Operation Desert Storm was the name given to the 42-day U.S. led air offensive in response to Saddam Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait.

13. (b)

14. (b)

Economic hardship, communal lifestyle of Tajiki people and their high religiosity caused the Civil War in Tajikistan.

15. (c)

Multi-polarity is a distribution of power in which more than two nation-states have nearly equal amounts of military, cultural, and economic influence.

16. (d)

The Soviet Union had its roots in the Socialist Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks overthrew the Russian Provisional Government that had replaced     Nicholas Il.

17. (b)

The economy used by the Soviet Union was a command economy which means that the government controlled all aspects of the economy. 

18. (d)

19. (d)

The Soviet System became very bureaucratic and authoritarian making life very difficult for its citizens as there was no freedom of speech. The nation was facing a crisis in almost all spheres.

20. (c)

On December 25, 1991, the Soviet hammer and sickle flag lowered for the last time over the Kremlin, thereafter replaced by the Russian bicolour.

21. (d)

The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics proved to be the final and most immediate cause of the disintegration of the USSR.

22. (c)

After the Soviet disintegrated in the early 1990s, the term hyper-power began to be applied to the United States as the sole remaining superpower of the Cold War era.

23. (d)

24. (b)

The term ‘Shock Therapy’ meant the transitional model from being a socialist country to a capitalist country influenced by the World Bank and the INFF.

25. (d)

26. (b)

The shock therapy ruined the economies of Russia and east European countries. Since restructuring was carried out by market driven forces and not by the government implement policies, there was a disappearance of almost all industries in the repon.

26.

27. (a)

Shock Therapy affected trade and commerce of Russia in the manner that the value of Ruble, Russian currency declined.

28. (b)

The withdrawal of government subsidies pushed large sections of the people into poverty. 

29. (d)

The Central Asian Republic are areas with vast hydrocarbon resources which have brought them economic benefit.

30. (c)

The era after the end of the Cold War, has been described as the period of US dominance or a unipolar world.

31. (a)

Assertion-Reason Based MCQ 

Codes  

1. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false. 
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

1. Assertion After the Second World War, the east European countries that the Soviet Army had liberated from the fascist forces came under the control of the USSR.

Reason The Soviet System, however, became very bureaucratic and authoritarian, making life very difficult for its citizens. 

2. Assertion The Soviet economy was then more developed than the rest of the world except for the US.

Reason The Soviet Union became a great power after the Second World War 

3. Assertion The Cold War had a great cost on the  economy of the country.

Reason In the arms race, the Soviet Union managed to match the US from Mme to time. 

4. Assertion Gorbachev did nothing to save the disintegration of the Soviet system.

Reason These developments were accompanied by a rapidly escalating crisis within the USSR that hastened its disintegration. 

5. Assertion Reforms were necessary to keep the USSR abreast of the information and technological revolutions taking place in the West.

Reason Mikhail Gorbachev, who had become General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1985, sought to reform this system. 

6. Assertion The Russian Republic, where Yeltsin won a popular election, began to shake off centralized control.

Reason A coup took place in 1991 that was encouraged by Communist Party hard-liners. 

7. Assertion Gorbachev’s decision to normalize relations with the West and democratize and reform the Soviet Union had some other effects that neither he nor anyone else intended or anticipated.

Reason People supported Gorbachev in every decision he has taken.  

8. Assertion The exclusion of these republics was an issue that was quickly solved by making them founding members of the CIS.

Reason The declaration on the disintegration of the USSR and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) came as a surprise to the other republics, especially to the Central Asian ones.

9. Assertion: Shock Therapy was the transitional form from authoritarian socialist system to a democratic capitalist system in Russia, Central Asia and East Europe under the influence of the World Bank and

Reason: The model of transition in Russia, Central   Asia and east Europe that was influenced by the World Bank and the IMF came to be known as ‘Shock therapy 

10. Assertion The Shock Therapy brought success which was not anticipated at all.

Reason Each of these countries was required to make a total shift to a capitalist economy, which meant rooting out completely any structures evolved during the Soviet period. 

11. Assertion Development was now envisaged though more trade, and thus a sudden and complete switch to free trade was considered essential.

Reason Shock therapy also involved a drastic change in the external orientation of these economies.

12. Assertion Each state from this bloc was now linked directly to the West and not to each other in the region.

Reason The transition also involved a breakup of the existing trade alliances among the countries of the Soviet bloc.

13. Assertion Most of the former Soviet Republics are prone to conflicts, and many have had civil wars and insurgencies.

Reason In Russia, two republics, Chechnya and Dagestan, have had violent secessionist movements. 

14. Assertion In Georgia, the demand for independence has come from two provinces, resulting in a Civil War.

Reason In Central Asia, Tajikistan witnessed a Civil War that went on for ten years till 2001. 

15. Assertion The hydrocarbon resources have brought enormous prosperity to these countries.

Reason The Central Asian Republics are areas with vast hydrocarbon resources. 

16. Assertion Central Asian countries were already in control of the US.

Reason Central Asia has also become a zone of competition between outside powers and oil companies.

Assertion-Reason Based MCQ Answers

1. (2)

USSR emerged as two of the most powerful blocs. Many countries after the Second World War adopted the Soviet system. Russia was in control of this bloc.

The Soviet Union’s aspirations were very high. Only two nations rose to superpower after the Second World War, and Russia was one of them. Russia has frequently tried to demonstrate its power and tried to dominate world politics.

2. (1)

3. (2)

Though the Soviet Union was giving a tough rivalry to the US in the Cold War, it had economic consequences. But, Russia was not weaker in any sense than the US in the Cold War era.

4. (4)

Gorbachev passed many reforms to revitalize the disintegrating Soviet system. But the bureaucrats never supported the reforms. Moreover, corruption and distrust of the people contributed in the decline of the USSR.

5. (2)

Gorbachev put his best efforts to save the Soviet system. But, with growing unmet in its various constituent republics developing into an incessant political and legislative conflict between the republics and the central government brought an end to soviet system.

6. (2)

The 1991 Soviet coup attempt, also known as the August Coup, was a failed attempt made by Communist leaders of the Soviet Union to take control of the country from Mikhail Gorbachev, who was Soviet President and General Secretary of the party.

7. (3)

The Soviet economy was under great pressure and burden. What added to the problem was its corrupt governance and unrest among people.

8. (2)

In the end, the Russian Federation became the successor state for the Soviet Union, which meant that it took responsibility for weapons control and disposal, for outstanding debt, but also for the Soviet seat on the UN Security Council.

9. (1)

10. (4)

Shock therapy affected trade and commerce of Russia. The value of Ruble, the Russian currency, declined and inflation rose at a very high rate and it lost all savings of people.

11. (1)

They needed a change in all the aspects of the post-soviet nations. Hence, Shock Therapy demanded the changes which in turn anticipated a united contribution of the nations.

12. (2)

This was the real situation of the post-soviet countries. On the one hand, there was a new hope, but on the other, a painstaking task to apply the changes which had possibilities of bringing hard times.

13. (2)

After the disintegration of the Soviet system, many of the Soviet republics witnessed violent secessionist movements. Chechnya and Dagestan were two of them.

14. (2)

Post cold war era was not free of the uproars. Former soviet republics witnessed countries violent conflicts were born over after many issues. Many new countries were born after the disintegration of Soviet Union. But, their inception was not free from bloodshed. 

15. (1)

After the Soviet breakup, Central Asia has gained importance for several States Of its geographical location and abundance of hydrocarbon reserves. These hydrocarbon reserves are located mainly in three countries: Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.

16. (3)

Central Asia is a major focus of competition for the world’s political and economic powers because of its strategic position and rich oil and gas resources.

Case-Study Based MCQ 

1. Study the following diagram and answer accordingly.

(i) What led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union?

(a) The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty at various places
(b) The world economy sunk
(c) Russia emerged as a super power with capitalist democracy
(d) None of the above 

(ii) What event officially marked the end of communism in the Soviet Union?

(a) End of Cuban Missile Crisis
(b) Rise of New World Order
(c) The failed August Coup 
(d) Rise in US economy 

(iii) How was the collapse of the USSR seen by the West?     

(a) As an opportunity to colonise Russia.
(b) A victory for freedom, a triumph of democracy over totalitarianism.
(c) As the end of communist dominance. 
(d) None of the above.

(iv) How many countries did the Soviet Union disintegrate?

(a) 15
(b) 14
(c) 13 
(d) 18

2. Study the following diagram and answer accordingly.

(i) Which country is represented by this mighty soldier?

(a) Russia 
(b) China
(c) USA
(d) Canada 

(ii) Why have the names of so many countries been written on the uniform of the soldier?

(a) It symbolizes the union of these countries
(b) It symbolizes the colonization of these countries by the USA
(c) The USA has invaded these countries. 
(d) None of the above.

(iii) What message does this cartoon give to the international community?

(a) It reminds the world about peace and unity
(b) It urges the world to fight against terrorism
(c) It urges the need to have military rule over democratic governments
(d) It conveys that the US is a superpower and has the might to push its interests into any part of the world

(iv) Which of the countries listed below was never invaded by the USA?

(a) Japan
(b) England
(c) Iraq 
(d) Afghanistan 

3. Read the following passage and answer accordingly.

A coup took place in 1991 that was encouraged by Communist Party hard-liners. The people had tasted freedom by then and did not want the old style rule of the Communist Party. 

Boris Yeltsin emerged as a national hero in opposing this coup. The Russian Republic, where Yeltsin won a popular election, began to shake off centralised control. 

Power began to shift from the Soviet centre to the republics, especially in the more Europeanised part of the Soviet Union, which saw themselves as sovereign states. The Central Asian republics did not ask for independence and wanted to remain with the Soviet Federation. 

In December 1991, under the leadership of Yeltsin, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, three major republics of the USSR, declared that the Soviet Union was disbanded. 

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was banned. Capitalism and democracy were adopted as the bases for the post-Soviet republics. 

The declaration on the disintegration of the USSR and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) came as a surprise to the other republics, especially to the Central Asian ones. 

The exclusion of these republics was an issue that was quickly solved by making them founding members of the CIS. Russia was now accepted as the successor state of the Soviet Union. 

It inherited the Soviet seat in the UN Security Council. Russia accepted all the international treaties and commitments of the Soviet Union. It took over as the only nuclear state of the post-Soviet space and carried out some nuclear disarmament measures with the US. The old Soviet Union was thus dead and buried. 

(i) Who opposed the coup of 1991?

(a) Mikhail Gorbachev 
(b) Post-Soviet republics 
(c) Communist party 
(d) Boris Yeltsin 

(ii) Which were the three major republics of the USSR?

(a) Poland, Cuba, Russia
(b) Sweden, Germany, France
(c) Russia, Ukraine, Belarus
(d) Ukraine, Poland, Sweden 

(iii) Which type of government was adopted by the post Soviet countries?

(a) Socialist 
(b) Capitalist and Democratic
(c) Communist democratic
(d) None of the above 

(iv) Which country became the successor state of the soviet union?

(a) Belarus
(b) Ukraine
(c) Central Asian Republics
(d) Russia

4. Read the following passage and answer accordingly.

The Soviet Union had become stagnant in an administrative and political sense as well. The Communist Party that had ruled the Soviet Union for over 70 years was not accountable to the people. 

Ordinary people were alienated by slow and stifling administration, rampant corruption, the inability of the system to correct mistakes it had made, the unwillingness to allow more openness in government, and the centralisation of authority in a vast land. 

Worse still, the party bureaucrats gained more privileges than ordinary citizens. People did not identify with the system and with the rulers, and the government increasingly lost popular backing. 

Gorbachev’s reforms promised to deal with these problems. Gorbachev promised to reform the economy, catch up with the west, and loosen the administrative system. 

All this might not have led to the collapse of the Soviet Union but for another development that surprised most observers and indeed many insiders. 

The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republics (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania), Ukraine, Georgia, and others proved to be the final and most immediate cause for the disintegration of the USSR.

(i) How long has the communist party been ruling the Soviet Union?     

(a) For sixty eight years
(b) For seventy years
(c) For eighty two years
(d) For fifty years 

(ii) What led to the collapse of the Soviet System?

(a) Because of its failure in World War II
(b) Because people did not identify with the system
(c) Because of its extreme bureaucratic nature 
(d) All of the above

(iii) Gorbachev promised to

(a) Back the people in war and international tensions
(b) Provide employment and pensions to elder citizens
(c) To defeat the west and become the sole superpower
(d) To reform the economy, catch up with the West, and loosen the administrative system

(iv) What was the final and most immediate cause for the disintegration of Soviet Union?

(a) The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republics, Ukraine, Georgia, and others
(b) The rise of extremism and the desire for privatization within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republics, Ukraine, Georgia, and others
(c) The rise of capitalism and the desire for democratic government within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republics, Ukraine, Georgia, and others
(d) All of the above

5.  Read the following passage and answer accordingly.

Economist Jeffrey Sachs is widely associated with shock therapy. He developed a plan of shock therapy for post-communist Poland in 1990, for post-communist Russia in 1992, and several other countries, including Bolivia and Chile. 

Bolivia, in particular, in 1985, had success as a result of shock therapy in ending a period of hyperinflation.

Poland also initially seemed to benefit from shock therapy as inflation was controlled, but it saw a sharp rise in unemployment that peaked at 16.9%. 

Sachs did not like the term shock therapy, which he said was coined by the media and made the reform process sound more painful than it was.

In Russia, neo-liberal shock therapy did not produce favourable outcomes. Shock therapy was applied swiftly and in large scale, as opposed to how it was applied to other nations. 

Almost all of Russia’s industries were undervalued and sold to private individuals and companies, with most acquired by a few Russian oligarchs.

With limited government intervention, most industries disappeared. The Russian currency declined, causing high inflation and the erosion of most citizens’ savings. Unemployment increased drastically, and government subsidies were removed, further pushing Russian families into poverty.

(i) Who developed the plan of the Shock therapy for the post-communist Poland?

(a) Mikhail Gorbachev
(b) Jeffery Sachs
(c) Both of them
(d0 None of them

(ii) Which country benefited from Shock therapy in 1985?

(a) Bolivia  
(b) Poland 
(c) Ukraine
(d) Russia 

(iii) What happened in Poland after the initial success of the shock therapy?    

(a) Rise in the commodity prices
(b) Economy declines
(c) Rise in the unemployment rate
(d) All of the above

(iv) What was the aftermath of the shock therapy in Russia?

(a) Rise in the economy and in currency value.
(b) Decline in the unemployment rate and boosting the economy.
(c) Improvement in people’s income and lifestyle
(d) Decline in the currency, increasing unemployment, high inflation and decrease in people’s Incomes. 

Case-Study Based MCQ Answers

1. (i)(a) (ii)(c) (iii)(b) (iv)(a)

2. (i)(c) (ii)(c) (iii)(d) (iv)(b)

3. (i)(d) (ii)(c) (iii)(b) (iv)(d)

4. (i)(b) (ii)(c) (iii)(d) (iv)(a)

5. (i)(b) (ii)(a) (iii)(c) (iv)(d)

Final Words

From the above article, you have practiced Class 12 End of Bipolarity mcq Chapter 2. We hope that the above-mentioned MCQs for term 1 of will surely help you in your exam. 

If you have any doubts or queries regarding Class 12 End of Bipolarity mcq (Multiple Choice Questions) with Answers, feel free to reach us and we will get back to you as early as possible.