[Latest] Management Of Sporting Events | Chapter 1 Notes, QnA 2025

Last updated on April 15th, 2025 at 06:55 pm

Management of sporting events and Planning in sports chapter 1 CBSE class 12 physical education notes. This CBSE physical education class 12 note has a brief explanation of every topic that the NCERT syllabus has.

You will also get NCERT solutions, CBSE class 12 Physical Education sample paper, CBSE Physical Education class 12 previous year paper.

Management Of Sporting Events And Planning In Sports

Planning In Sports can be understood as the process of making a sequence of work for a future line of action. It can also be termed as instruction or guidelines for future courses of action.

Introduction Of Planning

Planning comprises the process of setting goals developing and schedules to accomplish the goals.

In simple words, planning is deciding in advance as to what, where, how, and by whom it is to be performed.

Mitchell: ” Planning is usually interpreted as a process to develop a strategy to achieve desired objectives, to solve problems and to facilitate actions”

Evelyn: “ A plan is a trap laid to capture the futures”

Objectives of Planning

Reduce Pressure– With proper planning tasks can be performed effectively. It also reduces unnecessary pressure.

Proper Coordinator– Planning facilitates coordination among various members of committees

Reduce mistakes– Complete reduction of mistakes is not possible, with proper planning this can be minimized.

Increase efficiency of officials– Planning helps officials to do their assigned work more efficiently and effectively.

Enhance creativity- It enhances creativity, many new ideas are brought when they make plans together.

Enhance performance– Planning always enhances the performance of officials, sportsmen, etc. who are engaged in tournaments or any kind of activity

Good control over activities– Through proper planning every work is done in a controlled manner. 

Enhance Quality- Planning in sports increases the quality of work.

Functions of Sports Events Management

Sports events play a significant role in communities and the sports industry, requiring careful management for successful execution. The five key functions of sports event management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling.

Planning

It is the foundational function of sports event management, involving the intellectual process of setting objectives and developing strategies in advance to achieve them efficiently.

It is the first step, determining what needs to be done, how, when, and by whom . This function lays the groundwork for the entire event’s success. 

Foundation: Sets objectives and develops strategies in advance.

Determines: What needs to be done, how, when, and by whom.

Key Aspects:

• Setting clear, measurable (SMART) aims (e.g., participation, fundraising).
• Identifying necessary resources (financial, human, material, time).
• Detailed budgeting and financial allocation.
• Establishing timelines with deadlines (pre-event, during, post-event).

Requires: Flexibility to adapt to changes.

Organizing

It follows planning and is the management function of assigning duties, grouping tasks, establishing authority, and allocating resources to execute the plan . It involves coordinating all the activities required for the event’s successful execution.

Action: Assigns duties, groups tasks, establishes authority, and allocates resources according to the plan.

Coordinates: All activities required for the event.

Structures: Creates an operational framework and sequence of activities (e.g., tournament format).

Assigns Roles: Forms committees (e.g., technical, finance, publicity) and defines clear responsibilities for staff/volunteers, matching skills to tasks.

Essential: Effective communication and collaboration between teams.

Staffing

It is the process of identifying the required human resources and recruiting, selecting, training, and managing staff and volunteers to fill specific roles . The goal is to have the right person in the right position at the right time.

Process: Identifies human resource needs; recruits, selects, trains, and manages staff and volunteers.

Goal: Ensure the right person is in the right role at the right time.

Includes:

• Recruiting suitable personnel (understanding motivations).
• Providing adequate training and orientation on roles, safety, and logistics.
• Managing the team through clear communication, coordination, motivation, and recognition. 

Directing

It involves leading and guiding the staff and volunteers towards achieving the event’s goals and objectives. It’s about putting the plans into action through effective leadership, clear communication, and motivation.

Action: Leads, guides, and motivates staff/volunteers to achieve event goals.

Implements: Puts plans into action through leadership and decision-making.

Requires:

• Clear and effective communication at all levels (schedules, roles, updates).
• Overseeing event progress through on-site coordination and real-time monitoring.
• Preparedness to handle issues as they arise.

Controlling

It is the function of monitoring progress, checking performance against established standards, and taking corrective actions as required.

Process: Monitors progress, compares performance against standards, and takes corrective actions.

Evaluates: Event performance against set objectives using metrics and data.

Identifies & Corrects: Discrepancies between planned and actual performance, implementing contingency plans if needed (e.g., for weather).

Post-Event: Conducts evaluation, gathers feedback, and documents lessons learned for future improvement.

How To Manage And Organize Sporting Events

1. Organized planning

First, write down all the requirements of the event in detail.

• Make various committees for different purposes.
• Write down the purpose of the event.
• Write down all practical elements you need
• Decide what space you will require
• Write down the budget for the event

Having everything written from the very start will give you a clear direction on how to proceed.

2. Finalize the Dates

Finalize the correct date. Make sure that date doesn’t clash with other schools, colleges, or local events nearby to your area. 

3. Sufficient time:

You must have enough time during the event to pull your resources together to make the event a success.

4. Finalize the venue

Your venue must have enough capacity to accommodate teams and spectators or attendees. Also, Finalize whether it will be indoor or outdoor.

A venue must have enough space for parking and traffic.

5. Prior Permission

It is also very important to take necessary permissions from local authorities to hold an event.

6. Determine sports event type

Now Decide the type of tournament or event you organize. Whether it will be knock-out or league. How many teams or individuals do you need for the event.

Plan a layout for your final days and how you can make that happen.

7. Plan required supplies 

Make a list of supplies that will be required for your event. For instance, equipment, scorecards, certificates, posters, whistles, medals, stopwatches, awards, etc.

Note: The earlier you get suppliers the better choice and better price you can get.

8. Get proper insurance 

It is always advisable to get valid public liability insurance for your event. That will cover sports event organizers, paying damages, accidental bodily injury, or accidental damage to a third party or their property.

Note- If you fail to get the appropriate insurance in time then you might have to pay out a hefty sum if an accident occurs!

9. Health and Safety

You will be responsible for the health and safety of your workers and all event attendees.

10. Briefing staff & volunteers

All staff and volunteers should be briefed in advance on exactly what the event is aiming to achieve. Make them understand to remain professional while having fun, and be able to answer any questions on the day of the event.

11. Event promotion

Start advertising your tournament. The best way is to promote on social media to raise awareness and promote your event by using free and paid methods or advertising in a local newspaper. You can start selling tickets if any.

12. Reserve officials / referees

Make sure to reserve the sports officials in advance for the tournament at least a couple of months before. You can approach local referee organizations. 

13. Invite attendees and participants

Finalize the teams participating in the tournament and send them invitations mentioning all the details of your event including the rules and regulations, a timetable, accurate date, time, and location of the event.

14. Arrange accommodation

If teams are attending from a different region, make sure to arrange nearby accommodations for them. 

15. Invite local press

Consider inviting the local press to cover day-to-day events in local and national newspapers and television.

If you really follow these steps carefully then chances will be very less of failure. The more time you devote to planning and preparing beforehand, the smoother the event.

Various Committees and their Responsibilities

1. Organizing Committee: This is the main group. The head of this committee is in charge of everything for the sports event .  

• Before the event: They plan everything about the event . They also form other committees to help .  
• During the event: They make sure everything is going as planned .  
• After the event: They look at how the event went and make reports .  

2. Finance Committee: This group takes care of all the money.  

• Before the event: They make a budget for the event . They also handle all the money coming in and going out .  
• During the event: They keep track of the money spent .  
• After the event: They make a report of all the money spent .  

3. Publicity and Media Committee: Their job is to tell everyone about the sports event.

• Before the event: They advertise the event in newspapers and on TV . They also make posters and use social media .  
• During the event: They give updates to the news reporters .  
• After the event: They share the results and other information with the media .  

4. Transportation Committee: This committee makes sure everyone can get to the event.

• Before the event: They arrange buses or other transport for teams and guests .  
• During the event: They help with any transport needs .  
• After the event: They make sure everyone gets back safely .  

5. Equipment Committee: They are in charge of all the sports things needed for the event.

• Before the event: They get the grounds ready and buy or borrow the equipment .  
• During the event: They make sure all the equipment is in the right place and working .  
• After the event: They collect all the equipment and store it away .  

6. Refreshment Committee: This group provides food and drinks for everyone.  

• Before the event: They plan what food and drinks will be needed .  
• During the event: They give out refreshments to the players, officials, and guests .  
• After the event: They clean up the refreshment areas .  

7. Decoration and Ceremonies Committee: They make the event look nice and organize the opening and closing shows.

• Before the event: They decorate the venue and plan the ceremonies . They also welcome important guests .  
• During the event: They make sure the ceremonies run smoothly .  
• After the event: They take down the decorations .  

8. Registration Committee: They handle who is coming to the event.

• Before the event: They send out entry forms and collect them back . They also arrange seats for guests . Sometimes they make the schedule of games .  
• During the event: They check in the participants and give them their information .  
• After the event: They keep records of who participated .  

9. Technical Committee: This committee chooses the people who will judge the games.

• Before the event: They select referees, judges, and umpires . They also make sure the games follow the rules .  
• During the event: They make sure the games are fair .  
• After the event: They help with any protests or issues about fair play .  

10. Announcement Committee: Their job is to make announcements during the event.

• Before the event: They prepare what needs to be announced .  
• During the event: They make all the announcements about the games and other things
• After the event: They might announce final results .  

11. Health and Safety Committee: This group looks after the well-being of everyone at the event.

• Before the event: They plan for first aid and emergency help .  
• During the event: They provide first aid to anyone who gets hurt .  
• After the event: They make reports of any injuries .  

These committees work together to make sure the sports event is a success from beginning to end .

Tournaments

The tournament is a healthy competition to decide the winners and top-ranked teams. A tournament provides an excellent platform to showcase the talents of different skills, techniques, tactics, and strategies.

It also provides evaluation and comparison of different teams. 

The tournament is an inspiration and encouragement for players.

Importance of Tournament

• Development of sports skills
• Publicity of sports
• Helpful in Talent identification
• Development of Social Qualities
• Development of National and International integration
• Good source of recreation for teams
• Provides good feedback

Types of Tournament

The type of Tournament depends upon various factors like funds available, time periods, infrastructure, staff, facilities, level of teams, etc.

There are mainly three types of major Tournament happens

• The knockout or single elimination tournament
• League or Round Robin Tournament
• Combination Tournament
  • Knock out cum League
  • Knockout cum knockout
  • League cum knockout
  • League cum League or double league

Knock Out Tournament

In a knock-out tournament only winning teams continue to play further and teams once get defeated, automatically get eliminated.

Things to remember

The number of matches (Number of teams-1). Suppose the number of teams is 8, so the total number of matches is 8-1 = 7

Halves: 

Two equal halves, in case; a number of teams are in even numbers, like 6, 8,10, etc. For example, 8 teams are divided into two halves of 4 each.

In case of odd number teams, then apply formula 

Upper Halve = N+1/2 = 9+1/2 = 5

Lower Halve =    N-1/2 = 9-1/2 = 4

Example: 10 teams; 5+5 two equal halves, 13 teams; 7 in upper halve and 6 in lower halve.

Bye: [ 4,8,16,32,64 …]

It is an opportunity to play matches in the higher rounds directly without playing in the first round.

If the number of participating teams are in “power of 2” like 2² = 2×2 = 4, 2³ = 2x2x2 = 8, 2⁴ = 2x2x2x2 = 16, 2x2x2x2x2 = 32 etc. Then there is no need to give Bye.

In case the number of teams is not in “power of 2″ then subtract from the nearest ” power of 2″, like 4,8,16,32,64, etc. For instance, if the number of teams is 10 then subtract 10 from 16 (16-10) = 6 byes will be given to six different teams.

More examples:  

For 13 teams; 16-13=3 byes, 

For 5 teams; 8-5=3 byes, 

For 17 teams; 32-17=15 byes, 

For 27 teams; 32-27=5 byes

For 33 teams; 64-33=31 byes

It is best to divide the number of Byes to both upper and lower halves equally. But in case of odd numbers, the lower half will have one more Bye than the upper halves.

Example: For 9 teams, the Number of Byes is (16-9) = 7.  Upper halves will get one extra Bye, which means out of 7 Byes 4 byes will be given to upper halves and 3 byes will be given to Lower halves.

The formula for distributing Byes

Example For 9 teams ( No of Byes; 16-9= 7)

Upper Halve = No. of Byes – (1/2) = 7-(1/2) = 3 Byes 

Lower Halve =    No. of Byes + (1/2) = 7+(1/2) = 4 Byes

Number of Rounds:

Find the number of rounds from the nearest number of “power of 2”. Example; For 14 teams, no. of rounds will be 4, as the nearest number of power of 2 is 2⁴ (2x2x2x2)

Seeding Knockout Tournament

Seeding is a way to make sure that the best players or teams don’t play against each other in the early rounds . Stronger teams are placed in the fixture in such a way that they will likely meet only in the later stages of the tournament . This makes the final matches more exciting .  

League or Round Robin Tournament

In a league tournament, every team plays against every other team at least once. The team that wins the most matches is the winner of the league. There are different methods to create fixtures for league tournaments .

League Fixtures Methods

Cyclic Method

In this method, fixtures are made using the Cyclic Method. One team is fixed on the top right-hand side and teams move in ascending order consecutively downward and then move upward on the left side.

This method is used when the number of teams is even . You write the teams in two columns, with one team fixed at the top. Then, you rotate the other teams in a cycle to create the fixtures for each round .

In the case of odd numbers, a bye is fixed in place of one, Other numbers will move in ascending order.

Staircase Method

In this method, fixtures are made like a staircase. This method is considered the easiest method.

This method is very easy to use . You write the team numbers in a way that looks like a staircase.

A team that gets the maximum points in a tournament, is declared the winner. The winner of the match gets 2 points. The loser gets 0 and for a draw, 1 point is awarded to both teams.

Tabular Method

This is similar to the cyclic method. You create a table with rounds and team pairings to show the schedule . 

Combination Tournament

Sometimes, tournaments are a combination of knock-out and league formats

This type of Tournament is usually conducted when the number of teams is more. Teams are divided into various halves depending upon the number of teams. Either two halves, four halves, six halves, etc.

The team belonging to the concerned group play among themselves in either a knockout or league basis and decides the winner of the group.

Thereafter the group winners play among themselves and decide the champion.

Types of Combination Tournaments:

• Knock out – League

• Knock out – knock out

• League – league (Double league)

• League – knock out

Knockout Cum League fixture

The first stage is played on a knock-out basis, and the winners then play in a league format in the second stage .  

A total number of teams are divided into four pools. Every team in their respective pools will play on a knockout basis. The winner of each pool will again play together on a league basis

Knock-out cum Knock-out:

The tournament has two stages, and both are played on a knock-out basis .

League Cum Knockout

 The first stage is played in a league format, and the top teams then compete in a knock-out format in the second stage to decide the winner 

The total number of teams is divided into four pools. Every team, in their respective pools, will play with each other on a league basis. The winner of each pool will again play together on a knockout basis

League cum League:

The tournament has two stages, and both are played in a league format .  

Intramural and Extramural Tournaments

Meaning, Objectives and Significance

Both intramural and extramural tournaments play vital roles in promoting physical activity, skill development, and community building. 

While intramurals focus on providing inclusive and fun opportunities within the institution, Extramurals offer a chance for higher-level competition, exposure, and inter-institutional camaraderie. 

Both types of tournaments contribute to a vibrant sports culture and overall personal growth.

Intramural Tournaments

Meaning: Intramural tournaments are competitions held within a specific institution or organization, usually involving students, employees, or members from different departments or groups.

Objectives

• Promote physical activity and sports participation among members.
• Foster a sense of community and camaraderie within the institution.
• Provide opportunities for individuals to showcase their skills and talents in a friendly environment.
• Encourage teamwork, leadership, and sportsmanship among participants.

Significance

• Inclusive Environment: Intramural tournaments welcome individuals of all skill levels, making sports accessible to everyone and promoting a healthier lifestyle.
• Stress Relief: Participating in these tournaments can serve as a stress reliever, allowing participants to unwind and have fun.
• Building Relationships: Playing alongside peers from different departments or groups can help build new friendships and strengthen existing ones.
• Skill Development: Intramural tournaments offer a chance to improve athletic abilities and learn from more experienced players.

Extramural Tournaments

Meaning: Extramural tournaments involve teams or individuals from different institutions competing against each other in sports and games.

Objectives

• Foster healthy competition and promote excellence in sports.
• Provide a platform for talented individuals to showcase their skills on a larger scale.
• Create opportunities for networking and interaction between participants from different institutions.
• Encourage institutional pride and spirit among participants and supporters.

Significance

High-level Competition: Extramural tournaments offer a chance for top athletes to test their skills against other talented individuals, pushing them to excel further.

Exposure: Participants get exposure to a wider audience, including scouts and recruiters, which can lead to scholarships or professional opportunities.

Inter-Institutional Collaboration: These tournaments encourage collaboration between institutions and help build stronger ties within the sporting community.

Pride and Motivation: Representing one’s institution can instill a sense of pride and motivation among participants, inspiring them to give their best performance.

Community Sports Program

Community sports programs like Sports Day, Health Run, Run for Fun, Run for Specific Cause and Run for Unity play a crucial role in promoting physical fitness, well-being, and community engagement. 

These events encourage people of all ages and backgrounds to come together, celebrate the joy of sports, and support various meaningful causes. By participating in these activities, individuals not only enhance their physical health but also contribute to building a stronger, more connected community.

What Are Community Sports Programs?

Community sports programs involve sports activities organized within a community to engage local citizens in fitness and sports participation. These programs are accessible to all and emphasize participation over competition.

📌 Purpose:
✅ Encourage physical activity
✅ Foster social interaction
✅ Build community spirit
✅ Identify and nurture talent

Types of Community Sports Programs & Their Benefits

🏅 Sports Day

📌 Purpose:
✔ Promotes fitness and health
✔ Develops leadership and teamwork
✔ Enhances mental well-being
✔ Encourages discipline and responsibility

📢 Key Benefit: Encourages students and the community to embrace sports and an active lifestyle!

🏃‍♂️ Health Run

📌 Purpose:
✔ Raises awareness about health and fitness
✔ Supports health-related charities
✔ Promotes cardiovascular fitness

💪 Key Benefit: Builds strong bones, boosts immunity, and improves sleep and mental health!

🎉 Run for Fun

📌 Purpose:
✔ Encourages enjoyment over competition
✔ Engages the community in a positive way
✔ Motivates people to adopt an active lifestyle

😀 Key Benefit: Reduces stress, improves mood, and fosters social bonding!

❤️ Run for a Specific Cause

📌 Purpose:
✔ Raises awareness and funds for social issues
✔ Encourages community involvement
✔ Promotes empathy and responsibility

🌍 Key Benefit: Fosters personal growth and a spirit of giving back!

🤝 Run for Unity

📌 Purpose:
✔ Strengthens social harmony and belonging
✔ Encourages peace and national pride
✔ Promotes fitness as a unifying force

✊ Key Benefit: Brings people together for a common cause!

🌟 Why Community Sports Programs Matter?

✔ Improve physical health & fitness
✔ Strengthen community bonds
✔ Promote social responsibility
✔ Inspire a healthier lifestyle

🏃‍♀️💙 Get involved today and be part of a stronger, healthier, and more united community!

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Multiple Choice Question

To calculate the total no of teams in the upper half for knockout tournaments, when the total no of teams is odd, which formula is used?

a. N+1/2
b. N – 1
c. N(2+1)/2
d. (N+1)2/2

2. The other name for League Tournament is-

a. Round Robin Tournament
b. Knock out Tournament
c. Combination Tournament
d. Challenge Tournament

3. For the successful organization of the sports meet, committees are formed under three heads. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

a. First-meet committee
b. Pre-meet committee
c. During-meet committee
d. Post-meet committee

4. How many byes will be given for 21 teams on the knock-out basis?

a. 11
b. 16
c. 14
d. 17

5. Which of the following is not an objective of planning in sports?

a. Training of empires and coaches
b. Timely achievement of the target
c. Distribution of work
d. Finding out the causes of failure

5. Name the type of tournament in which the defeated team gets eliminated and does not have another chance to play.

a. Knockout
b. League
c. Bye
d. Challenging

6. In the placement of Byes, IV Bye is given to whom?

a. 1st Team of lower half
b. 1st team of upper half
c. Last team of lower half
d. Last team of upper half

7. Privilege given to a team that exempts it from playing in the 1st round is-

a. Bye
b. Seeding
c. Fixture
d. Special seeding

8. Which of the following is not a type of tournament?

a. Fixture
b. Knockout
c. League
d. Challenging Tournament

Long Answer Type Questions

1. League tournament is a better way to judge the best team in the tournament. Comment.

Ans. The League tournament is also known as the round-robin tournament. In this type of tournament, all teams play against each other irrespective of winning or losing. Only the strongest and most deserving team wins the tournament. 

Each team gets a full opportunity to show its skills. The disadvantage is that league tournaments take more time and are expensive. However, this method helps decide a truly deserving winner. (CBSE 2020)

2. Draw a knockout fixture for 25 teams with all steps involved.

Ans. Total No. of matches = N – 1 = 25 – 1 = 24

Total No. of rounds = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 5 rounds Total No. of byes = 32 – 25 = 7 rounds.

4. How many total matches will be played in a knockout tournament of 20 teams? (2019) 

Ans. Since the number of matches to be played in a knockout tournament is one less than the number of teams (N-1), a total of 19 matches will be played.

5. What are the advantages of league tournaments?    (2019)

Ans. The advantages offered by league tournaments are as follows:

(a) Every team has an opportunity to play every other team at least once.

(b) Since each team gets to play multiple matches, the players have a great opportunity to showcase their talent.

(c) The overall best team has the highest chance of winning the tournament.

(d) Participants have an opportunity to improve their skills as they can be spectators at many other games.

(e) It is easier to correctly rank the teams in the order of sustained performances.

(f) Everyone maintains enthusiasm and skillsets till the end of the tournament. 

(g) Spectators get an opportunity to watch their stars in action many times over a short period of time.

6. What is a League Tournament? Draw a fixture of nine (9) teams on the basis of the league tournament using a cyclic method. Explain the British method to declare the winner. (2019) 

Ans. League Tournament, also known as a round-robin tournament, is a competition in which each contestant meets all other contestants. If we have nine teams in the league tournament, the fixture will be as follows:

British Method: Here, the total points won are divided by the maximum possible points. Thus, if any team playing a ten-match tourney wins seven and draws three matches, the percentage of wins is simply calculated as—

Total points = 7 x 2 + 3 x 1 = 17 points. Possible maximum points = 10 x 2 = 20 points 

Percentage points won = Total points won x 100 divided by total possible points. So, 17 x 100 = 1700 divided by 20 = 85%

7. Discuss the role of various committees and their responsibilities to organize national-level sports events.    (2019) 

Ans. Three types of committees are needed to organize national-level sports events. These are pre-tournament, during the tournament, and post-tournament committees. 

The first is the Organizing Committee which is headed by a Chairman who has the overall responsibility of organizing, running, and wrapping up the event. All sub-committees report to the organizing committee. 

All aspects of the event are routed through this committee. The finance committee takes care of the budget, plans to spend, and prevents wasteful expenditure, publicity Committee brings the dates, venues, and timing of the events to the notice of the people.

Technical Committee is tasked with the responsibility to ensure that correct equipment, playing area courts and grounds meet the required specifications, Purchase Committee acquires sports equipment and other items that will be needed, 

During a tournament, we need the Reception Committee, Transportation Committee, Boarding, and Lodging Committee, Medical Committee, 

Tournament Committee, Ceremonies  Committee, Officials Committee, and Announcement Committee, After the tournament is over, post-tournament committee winds up the event,

Post-tournament Committee

Once an event is over, it needs to be wound up. These committees may consist of members from the pre-and during-tournament committees. 

They are responsible for the smooth return of sportspersons to their respective homes and countries by ensuring proper post-event transport facilities, etc.

8. What is ‘Seeding’ in Fixture for Tournaments? (2018, 2016, 2014) 

Ans. Seeding is a procedure by which good teams are placed in fixtures so that they do not meet each other at the very start of a tournament. 

The strong teams are selected to keep them at appropriate places in the fixtures so that they do not meet each other in earlier rounds.

9. Define Combination Tournament. Draw a fixture of 16 teams using Knockout-cum-League Method. (2018) 

Ans. Combination Tournaments are those tournaments in which initial rounds are played on a particular basis, either on a knockout or league basis, and the rest of the tournament is played on another basis. Given below is a Combination Tournament plan for 16 teams:

10. Fixtures are the schedule fixed for the matches. What is a Bye?    (2017)

Ans. Bye refers to the practice of allowing a player or team to advance to the next round of a playoff tournament without playing.

11. Round-Robin Tournament is of two types. Name them and give one major difference between them. (2017)

Ans. Round-Robin tournaments are either single league tournaments or double league tournaments. In the former, each team clashes with the other once while in the latter, they play each other at least twice.

12. Draw a fixture of 6 teams on a league basis by following the cyclic method.    (2016)

Ans. Here, the process in case of an even number of teams is that we place team 1 on top and other teams are placed consecutively downwards in ascending order to move upside down on the other side of the columns. 

The number of matches here is (N-1) where N is the number of teams. On the other hand, if the number of teams is odd, the number of rounds equals the number of teams.

13. Your school is organizing a ‘Run for Unity. Explain the responsibilities of accreditation, technical, and finance committees.                        (2016) 

Ans. (a) Accreditation Committee: Also called the organizing committee, it is headed by a Chairman who has the overall responsibility of organizing, running, and wrapping up the event. 

All sub-committees report to the organizing committee. All aspects of the event are routed through this committee. 

(b) Technical Committee: This committee is tasked with the responsibility to ensure that the correct equipment, playing area, courts, and grounds meet the required specifications.

(c) Finance Committee: All events need a budget for their smooth conduct. The finance committee takes care of the budget, plans to spend, and prevents wasteful expenditure. Many finance committees are also tasked with arranging funds and sponsorships.

14. Draw a fixture of 11 Football teams participating in a tournament on the basis of knockout.    (2016) 

Ans. 

15. Write the formula for giving Bye. (2016)

Ans. In case the number of byes to be given is an even number, they are divided equally between the upper and lower half. 

The process to be followed between the teams starts with writing numbers 1 to 13 on a piece of paper. 

Then each team picks a number that represents their team number in the tournament. They are then divided into two lots.

Thereafter, the number of byes to be given is calculated as: 

(a) The last team of the lower half gets the first bye.

 (b) The first team of the upper half gets the second bye.

(c) The first team of the lower half gets the third bye.

(d) The last team of the upper half gets the fourth bye.

16. How various committees are formed for tournaments? Write briefly. (2016) 

Ans. Organizing sports activities at all levels need support staff and skilled people. Many people with different skills need to plan and then execute the events together and carry out specific tasks to the best of their abilities. 

Depending on the level of sports, participation, a number of events, and available resources, different committees need to be set up.

These committees are set up before, during, and after the tournament. Some look after the set-up of the event as the organizing committee, finance committee, technical committee, publicity committee, etc.

While others are active during the tournament, looking after the reception, transport, boarding, lodging, etc., while a few people are needed after the event.

17. Being the captain of the school, prepare five important committees with their responsibilities to conduct a one-day run for health.    (2015)

Ans. To organize a run for health, we need to set up many committees. The most important is the organizing committee that will work with the overall organization of the event. 

Arranging money to run the event is the function of the finance committee while the publicity committee is in charge of spreading awareness about the event. 

The medical committee takes care of the health aspects while the ceremonies committee will be involved in related ceremonies.

18. Draw a knockout fixture of 21 teams mentioning the steps involved. (2015, 2014)

Ans. A knockout fixture of 21 teams is as follows: Once a participating team loses, it does not get another chance to play and is eliminated. 

The total number of games to be played is one less than the total number of teams. In this example, a total of 20 games will be played. Thus, the diagram will look like as shown below:

Case-based/Source-based Integrated Questions

1. As the head sports boy of the school, Arun was tasked with organizing an extramural cricket competition in his school and in the city. 

He was asked to involve his schoolmates in the various committees with the sports teacher of the school acting merely as an adviser.

(a) What was his role as the head of the organizing committee?

Ans. As chairman of the tournament organizing committee, Arun had the overall responsibility of setting up the various sub-committees, coordinating between them as well as overseeing all aspects of the tournament. 

(b) What type of students did he need to co-opt on the medical committee?

Ans. For the tournament, he needed to arrange doctors, paramedical staff, and first-aid assistants. 

He also needed to set up a first-aid center and an ambulance on standby. So, he needed students who have a doctor in the family/relations for the right advice. 

(c) What was the role allotted to the finance committee?

Ans. The finance committee was given the task of estimating the expenditure for the event and raising funds from sponsors, etc. 

It also had to ensure that no wasteful expenditure was incurred. After the event, a statement of accounts giving details of receipts/expenditure was to be submitted to the school.

2. To seek the involvement of all senior school students in the Sports Day, Mr. Ramcharan, the head sports teacher, was addressing the assembled students. 

He mentioned the objectives of the event and went on to explain how it helped improve performance and find talent in various sports. He also spoke of the role of sports in national integration.

(a) What reasons for skill development did the sports teacher talk of?

Ans. According to the teacher, the progress of sports depends on identifying new skills amongst students. 

Sports help develop skills in technical as well as tactical aspects. With better skills, the standard of sports rises as well.

(b) How did he think that talent could be identified?

Ans. Existing good players are already known but when sports events are organized, new sportspersons who do well at the game also get picked up and get recognition. 

Thus, the school gets new players who, in turn, get an opportunity to showcase their talent, the sports teacher said.

(c) How do these events increase national pride and integration? 

Ans. When a sportsperson of a school does well in an intramural tournament, they get to represent the school at extramural events as well. 

In a city-wide event, the good performers get to represent the city and, further, even the state and the country as they progress. When a sportsperson does well at international events, they bring laurels to not only their institution but to the country as well.

3. A renowned sports administrator, Mr Puri, was talking to the organizing committee of your school. 

He talked about the types of tournaments they could hold and went on to explain the advantages and disadvantages of each method. 

He also talked about the seeding method of rating players. 

(a) What methods of organizing tournaments did he talk about? 

Ans. The various methods of organizing tournaments that Mr. Puri spoke about were knockout tournaments, Round Robin tournaments, combination tournaments, and challenge tournaments.  

(b) Why did he recommend the knockout method for the inter-city badminton tournament? 

Ans. Since the inter-city badminton tournament had a very large number of entries, he suggested the knockout method wherein the losing team in each match was eliminated. 

This would reduce the time taken by the tournament and would also be cheaper to organize. 

Since each team knew they had only one chance, they would put in their best possible efforts. 

Also, with limited officials required, there would be no need to bring in people from outside.

(c) Why did he rate the school captain of badminton as the top seed and what advantage did the player

Ans. Since the school badminton captain was a very strong player with a lot of wins in the past, he would not be pitted against the relatively weaker players in the early rounds. 

This would allow the weaker players to exhibit their skills against equally skilled players and eliminate the threat of their early exclusion from the tournament. On the other hand, being the top seed, he would need to play fewer games to reach the finals. 

Final Words

From the above article, you must have learned about CBSE class 12 physical education notes of chapter 1 Planning in sports. We hope that these crisp and latest CBSE physical education class 12 notes will definitely help you in your exam.